½üÆÚ£¬ÈÕ±¾ÃâÒßѧ¼Ò±¾ÊüÓÓ»ñŵ±´¶ûҽѧ½±£¬ÔÙ´ÎÒýÆðÉç»á¸÷½ç¶Ô¾ÕÓ뵶¹ú¼ÒµÄ¹Ø×¢¡£¶þÕ½ºó£¬ÈÕ±¾ÍÆÐпª·ÅµÄ¾¼ÃÕþ²ß£¬Òý½øÈ«ÇòÏȽøÊÖÒÕ£¬¾¼Ã¿ìËÙÔöÌí¡£µ«¾ÓÉÃÀÈÕÉÌÒµÕ½ºÍÈÕ±¾×ÊÔ´ÅÝÄÆÆËéºó£¬ÈÕ¾N225´Ó1990ÄêµÄ38,957µã£¬Ï½µÖÁ2009ÄêµÄ6,994µã£¬Õâʱ´ú±»³ÆΪÈÕ±¾¡°Ê§È¥µÄ¶þÊ®Äꡱ¡£
ÔÚÃÀÈÕÉÌÒµÕ½£¨1987-1991Ä꣩ʱ´úÒÔ¼°Ö®ºóÊ®Ä꣬ƾ֤WindÊý¾Ý£¬ÈÕ±¾×¡Ãñ˽ÈËÏûºÄÕ¼GDP±ÈÖØԼΪ53%£¬ÈÕ±¾GDP×é³ÉÒªËØ´ÓÒÔ³ö¿ÚΪÖ÷µ¼×ªÏòÒÔº£ÄÚÏûºÄΪÖ÷µ¼¡£
Source£ºWind¡¢ÕãÉÌ֤ȯÑо¿Ëù
£¨Ò»£©²î±ðʱÆÚÖÐÈÕ½ÔΪ³ýÃÀ¹úÒÔÍâµÄÌìϵڶþ´ó¾¼ÃÌå
ÖйúÄ¿½ñ¹¤Òµ²ú³öÇ÷ÊÆÓëÆßÊ®¡¢°ËÊ®ÄêÔµÄÈÕ±¾½ÏΪÏàËÆ¡£×èÖ¹2017Ä꣬Öйú¹¤ÒµÔöÌíֵռȫÇò±ÈÖØԼΪ18.8%£¬ÓÚ2012ÄêÁè¼ÝÃÀ¹úռȫÇò±ÈÖØ£¬²¢Ò»Á¬ÉÏÐУ¬Óɴ˿ɼûÖйúÒѳÉΪÌìϵÄÖÆÔ칤³§¡£³ö¿Ú·½Ã棬Öйú³ö¿Ú¶îռȫÇò±ÈÖØÓÚ2007ÄêÁè¼ÝÃÀ¹ú£¬ÓÚ2015ÄêÔ¼´ï13.8%£¬¸ÃÊýÖµÓë1986ÄêµÄÈÕ±¾µÄ³ö¿Úˮƽ£¨ÈÕ±¾Õ¼È«Çò±ÈÖØÔ¼11.7%£¬Áè¼ÝÀúʷͬÆÚµÄÃÀ¹úռȫÇò±ÈÖØ£©½ÏΪ¿¿½ü¡£
Source£ºWind¡¢World Bank
£¨¶þ£©ÃÀ¹ú¶ÔË«·½±£´æÉÌÒµÄæ²î
°ËÊ®ÄêÔÂʱ´ú£¬ÃÀ¹ú¶ÔÈÕ±¾ÉÌÒµÄæ²îÕ¼ÃÀ¹ú×ÜÉÌÒµÄæ²î±ÈÖØÒ»Ö±ÔöÌí£¬×î¸ßÕ¼±ÈԼΪ60%¡£Í¨¹ý301Ìõ¿îºÍһϵÁеÄÉÌÒµ±£»¤²½·¥£¬ÒÔ¼°ÃÀ¹ú¸ÉÔ¤Íâ»ãÊг¡µÈ¶àÏî²½·¥£¬ÃÀ¹ú×ÜÉÌÒµÄæ²îÔÚ¾ÅÊ®ÄêÔ³õÖð²½ïÔÌ¡£µ«ÓÉÓÚÆä×ÔÉí¼°È«ÇòµÄ¾¼Ã½á¹¹ÎÊÌ⣬ÃÀ¹ú×ÜÉÌÒµÄæ²îÓÚ¾ÅÊ®ÄêÔÂÄ©ÓÖÖð²½ÔöÌí¡£Öйú×Ô2001Äê¼ÓÈëWTOÒԺ󣬳ö¿Ú¹æÄ£Ò»Ö±Ôö´ó£¬ÔÚÒÔºó½×¶ÎÖйúТ˳Á˽ϸ߱ÈÀýµÄÃÀ¹ú×ÜÉÌÒµÄæ²î£¬ÏÖÔÚÖÐÃÀÉÌÒµ²î¶îÕ¼ÃÀ¹ú×ÜÉÌÒµ²î¶îµÄ±ÈÖØԼΪ50%£¬¿¿½üÀúÊ·ÈÕ±¾Õ¼ÃÀ¹úÉÌÒµ²î¶î±ÈÖصÄ×î¸ßˮƽ¡£
Source£ºWind¡¢World Bank
£¨Èý£©ÖÐÈÕ·¿µØ²ú¼ÛÇ®´¦Óڽϸßˮƽ
Öйú·¿¼Û¸ß°ºÊÇÀÏÉú³£Ì¸µÄÃñÉúÎÊÌ⡣ƾ֤OECDÏÖʵ·¿¼ÛÖ¸Êý£¨ºÍÃûÒå·¿¼ÛÖ¸ÊýÏà¶Ô£¬ÌÞ³ýͨÕÍÓ°Ï죬ȫÇò·¿¼ÛÖ¸Êýºã¾Ãƽ¾ùֵԼΪ100£©µÄÊý¾ÝÏÔʾ£¬ ÏÖÔÚÖйúÏÖʵ·¿¼ÛÖ¸ÊýԼΪ130£¬¿¿½üÆßÊ®ÄêÔÂÈÕ±¾µÄµÚ¶þ¸öСá¯Áë·¿¼ÛÖ¸Êý£¬ËäÈ»ÀëÈÕ±¾·¿ÊÐÅÝÄÆÆËéµÄˮƽ£¨Ô¼Îª170£©ÈÔÓÐÒ»¶¨µÄ¾àÀ룬µ«ÒÑ´¦ÓÚΣÏս׶Ρ£
Source£ºWind¡¢OECD
£¨ËÄ£©ÖÐÈÕ¾¼Ã¸Ü¸ËÂÊˮƽ½Ï¸ß
Öйúºê¹Û¸Ü¸ËÂʸßÆóÖ÷Òª¼¯ÖÐÔڷǽðÈÚÆóÒµ²¿·Ö¡£×Ô2008Äê½ðÈÚΣ»úºó£¬Öйú·Ç½ðÈÚÆóÒµ²¿·Ö¸Ü¸ËÂÊ¿ìËÙÉÏÉý£¬Ö÷ÒªÔÓÉÓÚ¹úÆóºÍÖع¤Òµ²¿·Ö¼Ó¸Ü¸ËËùÖ¡£×èÖ¹2017Ä꣬Öйú·Ç½ðÈÚÆóÒµ²¿·Ö¸Ü¸ËÂÊ´ï160.3£¥£¬ÔÚÖ÷Òª¾¼ÃÌåÖÐλÁеÚÒ»£¬²¢Áè¼Ý1993ÄêÈÕ±¾·Ç½ðÈÚÆóÒµ²¿·Ö¸Ü¸ËÂÊˮƽ£¨147.6%£©¡£
Source£ºWind¡¢BIS
ÖÐÃÀ¡¢ÃÀÈÕÉÌÒµÕ½µÄ²î±ðÖ®´¦
£¨Ò»£©ÖйúסÃñ²¿·Ö¡¢Õþ¸®²¿·Ö¸Ü¸ËÂʵÍÓÚÈÕ±¾
ÖйúסÃñ²¿·Ö¸Ü¸ËÂÊÓÚ2007Äê-2017ÄêÊ®Äê¼ä¿ìËÙÔöÌíµÄÖ÷ÒªÔÓÉÓÚסÃñСÎÒ˽¼Òס·¿´û¿îÔöÌí¡£¸Ã±ÈÂÊÔö·ù½Ï¿ì£¬µ«ÓÉÓÚÖйúסÃñµÄÕûÌåµÄ´¢±¸Ï°¹ß£¬ÖйúסÃñ²¿·Ö¸Ü¸ËÂÊÒ»Ö±µÍÓÚÈÕ±¾×¡Ãñ²¿·Ö¸Ü¸ËÂÊ£¨×èÖ¹2017Ä꣬ÖйúסÃñ²¿·Ö¸Ü¸ËÂÊԼΪ48.4%£¬ÈÕ±¾×¡Ãñ²¿·Ö¸Ü¸ËÂÊԼΪ57.4%£©£¬ÇÒµÍÓÚÌìÏÂÖ÷Òª¾¼ÃÌåµÄÒ»ÂÉˮƽ¡£ÖйúÕþ¸®²¿·Ö¸Ü¸ËÂÊÒàµÍÓÚÅ¾¼ÃÌåÒ»ÂÉˮƽ¡£±ðµÄ£¬Õþ¸®²¿·ÖÖУ¬ÖÐÑëÕþ¸®¸Ü¸ËÂʵÍÓڵط½Õþ¸®£¬2015Äê-2017ÄêÖÐÑë¶ÔµØ·½Õþ¸®¾ÙÐдó¹æÄ£Õ®ÎñÖû»£¬²¢¶ÔÈÚ×ÊÐÐΪ¾ÙÐй淶ÕûÀí£¬¶Ô´æÁ¿Õ®Îñ¾ÙÐд¦Öóͷ££¬¶ÔÔöÁ¿Õ®Îñ¾ÙÐпØÖÆ¡£
Source£ºWind¡¢BIS
£¨¶þ£©Ïà¶Ô¶øÑÔ£¬Öйúδ´¦ÓÚÇ®±Ò¿íËɵÄÇéÐÎ
°ËÊ®ÄêÔÂÄ©£¬ÈÕ±¾±»ÆÈÉýÖµ£¬Ç®±ÒÇéÐοíËÉ£¬Îª±ÜÃâÅÝĽøÒ»²½À©´óÈÕ±¾Õþ¸®ÝëµØʵÑéËõ¶ÌÇ®±ÒÕþ²ß£¬¹ÉÊкͷ¿ÊÐÅÝÄѸËÙ±»´ÌÆÆ£¬ÈÕ±¾M2ÔöËÙ´Ó 1990Äêƽ¾ù11.7%µÄˮƽ´ó·ù½µµ½1991Äêƽ¾ù3.7%µÄµÍ룬²¢ÓÚ2012Äê½øÈ븺ÔöÌí¡£ÈÕ±¾ºÍÖйúÀúÊ·ÉÏM2ÔöËÙµÄÔöÌíÅãͬמ¼Ã£¨¹ÉÊС¢·¿Êеȣ©ºÍÐÅ´ûÊг¡µÄ²ýÊ¢£»M2ÔöËٵĴó·ùϵøÖ÷ҪΪÁË¿ØÖÆÅÝÄ´ÌÆÆΣº¦µÄ½øÒ»²½À©´ó£¬Ä¿½ñµÄÖйúµÄM2ÔöËÙÔÚ·¿Êе÷¿ØºÍ½µ¸Ü¸ËÕþ²ßÓ°ÏìÏ´¦ÓÚÀúÊ·µÍλ¡£ÖйúÇ®±ÒÊг¡ÇéÐνÏÀúʷͬÆÚÈÕ±¾£¨ÃÀÈÕó
Ò×Õ½£©Ïà±È¸üΪËõ¶Ì¡£
Source£ºWind¡¢ÖйúÈËÃñÒøÐС¢ÈÕ±¾ÑëÐÐ
£¨Èý£©ÖйúÕþ¸®³ǫ̈¶àÏî·¿µØ²úµ÷¿ØÕþ²ß
2018ÄêÍ·ÒÔÀ´·¿µØ²úµ÷¿ØÊг¡³ýÁ˹ŰåµÄ¡°ËÄÏÞ¡±Õþ²ß£¬ÒàÓÐÁ¢ÒìÕþ²ß³ǫ̈£¬ºÃ±ÈÏÞÖÆÆóÒµ¹º·¿¡¢ÏÞÖÆ·¿µØ²úÆóÒµÍâÕ®µÈ¡£±ðµÄ£¬ÕþÖξ־ۻáÌá³ö¼á¾ö×èÖ¹·¿¼ÛÉÏÕÇ£¬¾Û»á¿¢Êº󲻾ã¬ÉòÑô¡¢ÉîÛڵȵØÏà¼ÌÐû²¼µ÷¿ØÐÂÕþ£¬×¡½¨²¿Ò²Ìá³ö¼ÓËÙÖƶ©×¡·¿Éú³¤ÍýÏë²¢¶ÔÂ¥Êе÷¿Ø²»Á¦µÄ¶¼»á¼á¾öÎÊÔð¡£
Source£ºWind
ÀÏÁ仯¡¢ÉúÓýÂʵͶ¼ÊǾ¼ÃÉú³¤ÐèÒªÃæÁÙµÄÎÊÌ⣬µ«ÏûºÄÕßÊýÄ¿²¢²»Ëæ×ÅÕ½ÕùµÈÒòËØ´ó·ù½µµÍ£¬Ö»ÊÇÏûºÄÕßÔÚ²î±ðµÄÈËÉú½×¶Î£¬ÖØÐı¬·¢ÁËתÒÆ¡£ÈÕ±¾ÆóÒµÖУ¬ÔÚÒÑÍù20ÄêÉú³¤½ÏºÃµÄÆóÒµ£¬´ó´ó¶¼±£´æ¹ú¼Ê»¯Éú³¤¿Õ¼ä£¬¶ÔÉú³ÝÀÏÁ仯²»Ãô¸Ð»òÕßÊÜÒæÓÚ´Ë¡£
ÏûºÄÇþµÀ¸Ä±ä£º±ãµ±µêҵ̬´ßÉú¡£Óë´óÐͳ¬Êвî±ð£¬±ãµ±µêÑ¡Ö·ÀëÆÜÉí¡¢ÊÂÇ鳡ºÏ¸ü½ü£¬ÓªÒµÊ±¼ä¸ü³¤£¬Ìṩ²úÆ·ÖÖÀ฻ºñ£¬²¢ÄÜÖª×ãÈ¡¿î¡¢´òÓ¡¡¢½É·ÑµÈ¶àÖÖÉúÑÄЧÀÍ£¬¸üÊʺϿì½Ú×àµÄÊÂÇéÈËȺºÍС¼ÒÍ¥¡£±ãµ±µêÌض¨µÄı»®±¾Ç®µÈÒòËؾöÒéÁËÆäÉÌƷƽ¾ù¶¨¼ÛÏà¶Ô½Ï¸ß£¬Ëæ×ÅÈÕ±¾×¡ÃñÊÕÈë»ØÉýºÍ³ÇÕò»¯µÄÌáÉý£¬ÒÔ¼°ÈÕ±¾¶ÀÍ̵ÄÎÄ»¯£¬±ãµ±µêҵ̬³ÉΪÈÕ±¾ÁãÊÛÊг¡µÄÎÖÍÁ¡£¶ø²úÆ·Á¢ÒìºÍϸÃܵĹ©Ó¦Á´£¨ÀýÈçʹÓÃÖØ´óµÄÎïÁ÷Èí¼þ£¬Ò»Ö±¼á³Ö×ŶÔÉú³Ýͳ¼Æ¡¢ÌìÆø£¬ÉõÖÁѧУ¼ÙÆڵĸú×Ù£¬ÒÔÕ¹Íûÿ¸öÃŵêÔÚij¸öÌض¨µÄʱ¼äÊÇ·ñÐèÒªÔöÌí¹©»õÁ¿£©£¬Ê¹µÃÈÕ±¾±ãµ±µê¿ÉÒÔÓÐÓüà¿Ø¿â´æ¡¢··ÊÛ´ó×ÚÉÌÆ·¡£1969ÄêÖÁ1980ÄêÊÇÈÕ±¾±ãµ±µêµÄÒýÈëÆÚ£¬Î÷ÓÑ¡¢ÒÁÌÙÑó»ªÌᢴóÈÙÏȺó¿ªÉèÁËÈ«¼Ò¡¢7-11¡¢ÂÞɵÚÒ»¼ÒµêËÁ£¬´Ó¶øÀ¿ªÁËÈÕ±¾ÌìÏÂÁ¬Ëø±ãµ±µêµÄÐòÄ»¡£1990ÄêÖÁ2000Ä꣬ÈÕ±¾±ãµ±µêÊýÄ¿Ô¼´Ó2Íò¼ÒÔöÌíÖÁ4Íò¼Ò¡£
Source£ºJapan Franchise Association¡¢»ªÌ©Ö¤È¯Ñо¿Ëù
ÏûºÄ·½·¨¸Ä±ä£º×·Çó¸ß¼ÛÉÌÆ·ÖÁ¸ßÐÔ¼Û±ÈÉÌÆ·¡£¾ÅÊ®ÄêÔ¾¼ÃΣ»úºó£¬ÈÕ±¾ÏûºÄÕß´ÓÖØÊÓʱÉС¢Éݳ޽ø¶ø¹ý¶Éµ½»Ø¹éÐÄÌïµÄÖª×ã¸Ð¡¢×·ÇóƽºÍµÄÐÄ̬¡£1980ÄêÎ÷ÎäÁ÷ͨ¼¯ÍÅÍƳöÁË×ÔÓÐÆ·ÅÆ¡°ÎÞÓ¡Á¼Æ·¡±£¬¼´¡°Ã»ÓÐÆ·ÅƵĺù¤¾ß¡±£»ÈÕ±¾Ñ¸Ïú¹«Ë¾ÏµÄÆ·ÅÆÓÅÒ¿âÒ²ÓÚ1984ÄêÔڹ㵺¿ªÉèµÚÒ»¼ÒÃŵ꣬Ö÷ÒªÏúÊÛÉè¼Æ¼òÔ¼¡¢ÐԼ۱ȸߵIJ÷ì²úÆ·¡£ÓÅÒ¿âºÍÎÞÓ¡Á¼Æ·ÕýÊÇÇкÏÁËÕâ¸öʱÆÚµÄÏûºÄÕßÐÄ̬ת±äµÄÐèÇ󣬲¢´ßÉúÁË´ó×Ú¹ú²úÉÌÆ·ÏûºÄ¶ÔGDPµÄТ˳¡£Í¬Ê±ÕâЩ¹«Ë¾Ñ¡ÔñÁ˶ÔÍâÀ©ÕÅ£¬¡°×·ÇóƽºÍ¡±µÄÐÄ̬¾ß±¸ÈËÀàÆÕ±éÐÔ£¬Òò´ËÕâЩÆóÒµµÄÊÕÈëÌåÁ¿ºÍ¹ú¼Ê»¯Ë®Æ½£¬ºÃÓÚÏÔ×ÅÓиöÐÔ»¯±êÇ©µÄͬÀàÐÍÆóÒµ¡£
ÏûºÄ³¡¾°¸Ä±ä£ºÔ½·¢×¢ÖØЧÀÍÏûºÄ¡£Ëæ×ÅÅ®ÐÔÀͶ¯¼ÓÈëÂʵÄÌá¸ß£¬Ô½À´Ô½¶àµÄ¼ÒÍ¥¡¢Ð¡ÎÒ˽¼Ò²»ÔÚ¼ÒÖÐ×ö·¹£¬¸ü¶àµÄÊǽøÈë²ÍÌüÓÃʳ¡£ÔÚ»ù´¡µÄ³Ô´©ÓÃסÐèÇó»ñµÃÖª×ãºó£¬ÈËÃǵÄÐèÇó»á´Ó´¿´âµÄÎïÖÊ×·ÇóÏò¾«Éñ×·ÇóתÒÆ£¬ÌåÏÖÔÚЧÀÍÖ§³öµÄ±ÈÂÊÉÏÉý¡£
Source£ºWind¡¢ÈÕ±¾ÄÚ¸ó¸®
ì¶ÜÃÀѧϵÄÖйúÏûºÄÆôʾ
¡°¾Õ¡±Óë¡°µ¶¡±µÄì¶ÜÒàÊÇ¡°¿Ë¼º¸´Àñ¡±µÄì¶Ü£¬ÏûºÄÌØÕ÷µÄÆÆËðºÍÖØÐÞÒàÅãͬ×ÅסÃñÊÕÈëˮƽµÄËÕÐÑ¡£ÔÚµ±½ñÉÌÒµÕ½ÕùµÄÅä¾°Ï£¬´Ó¿ØÖƹŰåͶ×ÊÁìÓò¡¢Ôö½øÐæÂäÏûºÄ¡¢¹ú²úÉÌÆ·Ìæ»»µÈ¶à¸öά¶È£¬ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔ¿´µ½´Ì¼¤ÏûºÄµÄÖ÷ÒªÐÔºÍÆÈÇÐÐÔ¡£µ«Í¬Ê±£¬ÓÉÓÚ¡°ÉÝÔò²»Ëï¡¢¼óÔò¹Ì¡±µÄÏûºÄ¹Û£¬ÒÔ¼°¶ÔδÀ´ÊÕÈë/Êг¡Ô¶¾°²»È·¶¨¶øËù±¬·¢µÄµ£ÐĸУ¬×¡ÃñÏûºÄÐèÇóÈÔÊÇÖ¢½á£º
Source£ºWind¡¢¹ú¼Òͳ¼Æ¾Ö
ƾ֤WindÊý¾ÝÏÔʾ£¬´Ó¹º·¿¡¢¹º³µÐèÇóÀ´¿´£¬×Ô2018ÄêÍ·ÉÌÒµÕ½×îÏÈÒÔÀ´£¬40³ÇµØ²úÏúÊÛÃæ»ýµ±ÔÂͬ±È´¦ÓÚ¸ºÔöÌí£¬³ËÓóµÁãÊÛͬ±ÈÔöÌí´Ó2018Äê1ÔµÄ8%Ï»¬ÖÁ2018Äê9ÔµÄ-13%¡£´Ó×ÜÏûºÄÆ·ÐèÇóÀ´¿´£¬Ä¿½ñµÄÉç»áÏûºÄÆ·ÁãÊÛ×ܶÔÂͬ±È´¦ÓÚÀúÊ·µÍ룬ÓÚ2018Äê3Ô´ïÖÁСá¯Á루8.6%£©£¬Ö®ºó°ëÄê¶ÈÓÖÒ»Á¬Ï½µ¡£×ÛÉϿɼû£¬ÖÐÃÀÉÌҵսϣ¬º£ÄÚÏûºÄÐèÇóÈÔÏÔÙúÈõ¡£
±ÈÕÕÖÐÃÀ¡¢ÃÀÈÕµÄÉÌÒµÕ½ÇéÐΣ¬ÔÚ±ÜÃâ±¾±ÒÌ«¹ýÉýÖµ¡¢¿ØÖÆ·¿µØ²úÅÝÄ¡¢ÃãÀøº£ÄÚÏûºÄµÄÅä¾°Ï£¬Öйú½«×èÖ¹Öص¸ÈÕ±¾¸²ÕÞ¡£µ«ÓÉÓÚÖйúסÃñ¾ÙÕ®¹º·¿¼·³ö²¿·ÖÏûºÄ£¬Õ®Îñ¶ÔÏûºÄÐèÇóÓÖÐγÉÒ»¶¨ÖÆÔ¼£¬Ä¿½ñÌõ¼þϺ£ÄÚÏûºÄ¹ØÓÚ¾¼ÃÔöÌíµÄÖ§³ÖÓÐÏÞ¡£Í¬Ê±£¬Ç®±ÒÕþ²ßµÄËɽôˮƽÓÖÐè˼Á¿¶àÖÖÖØ´óÒòËØ¡£»ùÓÚ´Ë£¬´Ì¼¤ÏûºÄµÄʵÖÊ·½·¨»ò½«ÊÇË°ÊÕά¶ÈµÄ²Æ²úÔÙ·ÖÅÉ¡£
ÒýÓÃFisherÔÚ¡¶ÀûÏ¢ÂÛ¡·ÖеĻ°Óï×÷Ϊ±¾ÎÄ×îºó£º¡°Î£º¦Óë֪ʶ³Ê·´Ïòת±ä¡±£¬Ô¸Î£º¦ºÍ³åÍ»µÄ±£´æ¶¼ÊǶԾ¼ÃÉú³¤µÄÒ»ÖÖÍƶ¯¡£